George Ivanovich Gurdjieff /ˈɡɜrdʒiˌɛf/ (January 13, 1866–1877? – October 29, 1949) Commonly referred to as Georges Ivanovich Gurdjieff and G. I. Gurdjieff, was an influential spiritual teacher of the early to mid-20th century who taught that most humans do not possess a unified mind-body consciousness and thus live their lives in a state of hypnotic „waking sleep”,...